In the early decades of the 20th century the largest employer of Jewish men, women and children was the garment industry. In 1910, Hannah Shapiro, an 18-year-old Russian-born worker, led a walkout in response to a wage cut at a Hart, Schaffner & Marx (HSM) shop. Within weeks, nearly 40,000 others joined the strike. After four months, Joseph Schaffner, a German-born Jew, settled with his workers in a landmark agreement that established a wage increase of ten percent, a 54-hour workweek, and an independent arbitration committee to resolve labor disputes.